Mining-induced displacement and resettlement (MIDR) is inherently complex, involving multiple social, spatial and political changes, with long-lasting impacts on people and projects. While there is no inherent reason to assume that resettlement should be a negative process, the nature, dynamics and coping strategies of communities impacted by MIDR are still not clearly understood, and there is a shortage of information to examine the capacity of the industry, or impacted communities, to meet the challenges of a context defined by MIDR. This is an emerging field of social performance capability requiring greater attention and investment by mining industry leaders.